Experiment 1

Introduction to MATLAB for Signal Analysis

Objective

1. Familiarize with MATLAB environment.

2. Learn variables, vectors, matrices, and scripts.

3. Generate simple mathematical functions.

MATLAB Commands

clc;

clear;

t = 0:0.01:5;

x = sin(2*pi*t);

plot(t,x);

grid on;

Experiment 2

Generation of Continuous-Time Signals

Objective

Generate and plot:

• Unit Step

• Ramp

• Exponential

• Sinusoidal

MATLAB Program

t = -5:0.01:5;

u = t>=0;

r = t.*u;

x = exp(-t).*u;

s = sin(2*pi*t);

subplot(2,2,1); 

plot(t,u); title('Unit Step');

subplot(2,2,2);

plot(t,r); title('Ramp');

subplot(2,2,3); 

plot(t,x); title('Exponential');

subplot(2,2,4); 

plot(t,s); title('Sine Wave');

Experiment 3

Signal Operations

Objective

Study:

• Amplitude Scaling

• Time Shifting

• Time Reversal

MATLAB Program

t=-5:0.01:5;

x=sin(t);

subplot(2,2,1); 

plot(t,x);

title('Original');

subplot(2,2,2);

plot(t,2*x); title('Amplitude Scaling');

subplot(2,2,3); 

plot(t-2,x); title('Time Shift');

subplot(2,2,4); 

plot(-t,x); title('Time Reversal');

Experiment 4: Convolution of Continuous-Time Signals

Objective

To perform the convolution of two continuous-time signals using MATLAB and analyze the output response.

MATLAB Program

clc;

clear;

close all;

dt = 0.01;

t = -2:dt:3;

% Input signal

x = (t>=0 & t<=1);

% Impulse response

h = (t>=0 & t<=1);

% Continuous-time convolution

y = conv(x,h)*dt;

% Time axis for convolution

ty = (2*t(1)):dt:(2*t(end));

% Plot results

subplot(3,1,1)

plot(t,x,'LineWidth',2)

grid on

title('Input Signal x(t)')

xlabel('Time (s)')

ylabel('Amplitude')

subplot(3,1,2)

plot(t,h,'LineWidth',2)

grid on

title('Impulse Response h(t)')

xlabel('Time (s)')

ylabel('Amplitude')

subplot(3,1,3)

plot(ty,y,'LineWidth',2)

grid on

title('Convolution Output y(t)=x(t)*h(t)')

xlabel('Time (s)')

ylabel('Amplitude')

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

clc;

clear;

close all;

dt = 0.01;

t = -1:dt:5;

u = (t>=0);

x = exp(-t).*u;

h = u;

y = conv(x,h)*dt;

ty = (2*t(1)):dt:(2*t(end));

subplot(3,1,1)

plot(t,x,'LineWidth',2)

grid on

title('x(t)=e^{-t}u(t)')

subplot(3,1,2)

plot(t,h,'LineWidth',2)

grid on

title('h(t)=u(t)')

subplot(3,1,3)

plot(ty,y,'LineWidth',2)

grid on

title('Continuous-Time Convolution')

xlabel('Time')